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The machine contains a cellular modem chip that allows its software to be updated remotely.Unfortunately, it also means that you can log into the damn thing from across the street if you know the right credentials, Hall explained.Whats hundreds of miles between networked friends The Win.Vote was the first machine to fall, with a hacker achieving remote code execution on the machine within the first hours of the village.Win. Votes were decertified by Virginias election board in 2.American voting systems are largely cobbled together with antiquated technology.Voting machines can vary by state and county, and have to be certified by the Election Assistance Commission.But other devices, like the electronic poll books used in some jurisdictions to check in voters at their polling stations, arent subject to the certification process.Add in the voter registration databases themselveswhich were reportedly breached in 3.The machines are mostly new to the hackers at DEF CON.Theyre not very much fun, theyre like very boring ATMs, Hall joked.Its obvious that election systems arent very secure, but its important to understand why the security problems exist in the first place, and why theyre so hard to fix.The security industry encourages regular software updates to patch bugs and keep machines as impenetrable as possible.But updating the machines used in voting systems isnt as easy as installing a patch because the machines are subject to strict certification rules.Any major software update would require the state to redo its certification process.It costs over 1 million to get certified, Joshua Franklin, a security specialist with the National Institute of Standards and Technologys cybersecurity and privacy application unit, explained to attendees.Franklin said that even though the Election Assistance Commissions most recent election security standards were released in 2.The cost breaks down to about 3.Tom Stanionis, an IT manager for a county election agency in California who attended the village in his personal capacity.Most states just dont have the money.Whats hundreds of miles between networked friendsThe reality is, weve known about issues with voting machines for a long time, Stanionis told Gizmodo.Since purchasing brand new systems is out of the question, Stanionis said most states do their best to protect the systems they have, walling them off from the internet and storing them 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University earlier this summer focused on providing security resources to campaigns and election officials.The Defending Digital Democracy project received a founding investment from Facebook, and executives from the social network as well as Google and Crowd.Strike are helping establish an information sharing organization that will give political committees and campaigns quick access to threat intelligence.If you pull aside any campaign manager and say, Do you want to get hacked theyd say no, Mook told DEF CON attendees.If you asked them, Have you done everything you can theyd say, No, but I dont really know.Campaigns, along with voter registration databases, are softer targets for hackersthe events of the last year demonstrate that.And as exciting as it is to tear a voting machine apart, the goal of securing elections might be reached faster through educating election officials about cybersecurity best practices.The voter registration databases are becoming a more obvious target, Stanionis said.Altering the voter roll to show an incorrect polling location for just a few voters could drastically slow down the voting process for many, he explained.If a voter isnt believed to be in their correct polling station, shell be asked to fill out a provisional ballot, slowing down the line for everyone.Some might get sick of waiting and leave.Thats hacking the election but doesnt look illegal from the outside, he said.These kinds of softer attacks strike at public trust in election systems.Basics of Ethical Hacking Tutorials, Tips and Tricks.This is a guest post by Meenakshi Nagri.In the past couple of years, there has been a rise in cyber attacks which has eventually pushed for more reliable and better security capabilities such as protection, code security, encryption, authorization, so on and so forth.Moreover, it is imperative to protect global business and critical infrastructure from such cyber attacks.An average user or even a web savvy user has a little knowledge 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huge role in the story of The Lord of the Rings.However, what exactly happened to Gondors last king, and why was the line of succession broken A thousand years before the events of the Rings story, Prince Ernur of Gondor ascended to the throne.Ernur had already made an enemy of the Witch king, having led the charge to destroy Angmar.After Ernur became King, the Witch king who had returned to Mordor challenged him to a duel, but the new king refused.Years later, after Minas Morgul had been established, the Witch king renewed his challenge, and this time Ernur accepted.Whether he was driven by overconfidence or pride, Ernur made the foolish decision to enter Minas Morgul by himself to challenge the Nazgl, and he was never seen again.Ernur had no heirs, so the rule of Gondor fell to the Stewards, the last of which was Boromir and Faramirs father Denethor.Only Few Weapons Can Harm them.When the last kingdoms of men battled the forces of Mordor on Pelennor Fields, ultimate victory was tantalizingly close for Sauron and his servants.If they had successfully routed Gondor and Rohan, there would have been no army left to stop them.Fortunately for the Free Peoples of Middle earth, the battle was won, in no small part due to the fall of the Witch king.The Witch king presided over the battle, instilling fear in Gondors warriors and even squaring off with Gandalf the White.The arrival of Rohans forces was a turning point in the battle, however.Though he mortally wounded King Thoden, owyn stood in his way before he could strike the final blow.Overconfident in his power and invulnerability, the Witch king mocked owyns effort to stand against him, allowing the hobbit Merry to sneak up behind him and stab him in the leg with a Westernesse dagger that had been found in the Barrow downs.The relic of Arnor was imbued with special properties, making it one of the few weapons actually able to harm the Witch king.Merrys attack rendered him vulnerable, allowing owyn to finish him off.Witch king of Angmar Is The Most Powerful Nazgl.The War of the Last Alliance was disastrous for Sauron and his minions, nearly wiping them out for all time.Many years passed before Saurons weakened spirit returned to Middle earth in the guise of the Necromancer of Dol Guldur.Not long after that, his most powerful servant, the Lord of the Nazgl, made his presence felt in the northern reaches of Middle earth.It was there that he established the dark kingdom of Angmar, and became known as the Witch king.The land was a stronghold of the dwarves before Angmars forces drove them out, and the Witch king reigned over his kingdom for over six hundred years.During that time, the true purpose of Angmar came to light it was established for the sole purpose of making war against and ultimately destroying the Dnedain kingdom of Arnor.Their Black Breath Could Kill.The Ring wraiths could harm their victims without ever even touching them their mere presence was enough to spread a debilitating and lethal illness known as the Black Breath.Prolonged exposure to the Nazgl could render the victim unconscious and plagued by nightmares in their sleep and those were the lucky ones.More serious cases of the Black Breath could be deadly.In these cases, the fear of the Nazgl consumed the victim, sapping all the hope and light out of them and sending them into a deep sleep, which eventually gave way to hypothermia and ultimately death.There was a cure for the Black Breath, though it was not known to many.By using athelas, a herb with healing properties, Aragorn was able to save Merry, owyn and Faramir from the Black Breath after their respective encounters with the Ring wraiths during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.They Have Fearsome Voices.The Nazgl could send their foes running with their mere presence and fearsome visage, but the haunting sound of their otherworldly voices also did the trick.Whether shrieking into the night or hissing threats at their victims, the Nazgl were adept at using their voices to sap the courage of their foes.Like most aspects of their power, the strength of this ability was tied to the power of their master Sauron and his One Ring more on that later. Instal Volume Control Windows Xp . Suffice to say that early in the story of The Lord of the Rings and in the years before Saurons return to power their voices were frightening, though not as debilitating as they would later become.As the Ring neared its master once again, he and his servants became more powerful, and the shrieks of the Ring wraiths were once again able to stop men in their tracks and leave them cowering in fear.They Are Stronger At NightEvil things come out at night is a classic storytelling conceit, and Tolkien used it to great effect in his stories.The Orcs of Middle earth feared the sun a weakness not shared by Sarumans Uruk hai, and Trolls turned to stone under its glare.The Nazgl had a similar predilection for the midnight hours.Daylight rendered them considerably weaker with the exception of the Witch king, and so they much preferred to do their work under the cover of night.Like other evil creatures, their powers and senses were heightened at night time.In the case of the Nazgl, this meant increased perception of the world around them.As wraiths, their vision was limited under the light of the sun, but under the moon it was unparalleled.Their sense of smell is also improved at night, as evidenced by their ability to find Frodo and his friends as they escaped from the Shire.Their Power Is Directly Connected To The Ring.After Saurons defeat in the Second Age, his power all but vanished.Thanks to the survival of the One Ring, however, he was able to bide his time and slowly restore himself over the centuries that followed.As the War of the Ring began in earnest and the Ring drew nearer to him, his power continued to grow and so did that of his servants.In the pages of The Lord of the Rings and on screen in the Jackson movies, the Nazgl became noticeably more powerful as the story progressed. |
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